The Association of SouthEast Asia Nation (ASEAN) region is an economic zone led by ten countries: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. As of 1 July 2019, the ASEAN population was about 655 million people, representing 8.5% of the population of the world.
Based on energy policies and targets, total energy consumption in commercial and industrial sectors driving by increasing per capita income is expected to grow 4.1% per year, followed by an annual increase of 3.7% from the agricultural sector until 2040.
According to ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE), the energy demand of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand are ten times higher than in Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar combined. The ASEAN countries are committed to reduce the energy intensity to 30% by 2025, creating policies strengthening the relationship of the member states with cooperation in the field.
One of the projects helping the transition to a future energy system towards reaching the goals of the Paris Agreement is The Clean Affordable and Secure Energy for Southeast Asia (CASE) project that aims to contribute to sustainable development in the region including activities such as research and finding evidences, transparency in information and mapping to facilitate coordination, encouraging the dialogue considering the effort of stakeholders, improving the quality of data and information shares with valuable techniques, and also by sharing their work to the general public concerning the advance reports in this issue.
In Myanmar, the power industry is oil and gas, and it is still open to foreing investors. China is the first investor, followed by Singapore. The electrification reached 44%, and in 2017, the main power generation was hydro 56% followed by natural gas 41%. In 2018, the fuel consumption by sector was led by the Industry 32%, Transport 25%, and Residential 28%, others. The private sector participation is crucial to reach sustainable energy goals until 2030.
Thailand is driven by industry and agriculture. It has electrification of 100%. and in 2017, the power generation of natural gas reached 62% followed by coal 19%, and biomass 9%. Transport led the fuel consumption by 35%, the Industry 32%, and Residential 12%, others. The country will reduce energy intensity by 30% until 2036 while continuing with the transition to renewable energy to achieve 20% of the electrical energy demand by the same year.
Lao’s People Democratic Republic is one of the fastest growing economies in the region and globally as the GDP growth averaged at 7.8% over the last decade. Electrification was 94%, and in 2017, the main power generation was hydro 65% and coal 34%. In 2018, the Residential consumption was 42% followed by Transport 33%, and Industry 13%, and others. The country aims to achieve a reduction emission share of 30% in total energy consumption by 2025, and the use of 10% of biofuels in total transport.
Vietnam’s economy has been going to modernization and integration into the global economy. Electrification is 99%, and in 2018, the power generation of coal was 42%, hydro 38%, natural gas 18%, and the others. In the same year, Fuel consumption was led by Industry 55%, Transport 21%, Residential 17%, and others. Goals: renewable energy development by 10% in 2030, and the reduction of greenhouse emission by 45% in 2050.
Cambodia’s electrification reached 68.6%, and in 2017, the main power generation were coal 54%, and hydro 41%. In 2018, Fuel consumption in Transport 42%, Residential 23%, Industry 19%, others. Proposing 27% reduction of emissions below business as usual by 2030, and the reduction of energy demand by 20% in 2035.
Malaysia planned to reduce carbon emission by 20%, increasing renewable energy to 25%, boosting energy efficiency to 15% in 2030. Electrification 99%. In 2017, the power generation was Coal 43%, Natural Gas 39%, Hydro 17%, others. Fuel consumption in Transport 35%, in Industry 29%, others.
Indonesia is trying to reach the goal of 23% reduction of emission contribution in the energy mix until 2025, and a minimum of 31% until 2050. Electrification 98.5%. In 2018, the power generation was Coal 56%, Natural Gas 20%, others. Fuel consumption in Transport 41%, Industry 35%, Residential 16%, others.
The Philippines is an emerging industrialized nation. The electrification is 95.3%. In 2018 the main power generation was Natural Gas 21%, Geothermal 10%, Hydro 9%. Fuel consumption mostly in Transport 34%, Residential 26%, Industry 21%, others. Energy efficiency strategies towards goals to 2030 are being run.
In Brunei, the electrification is 99.9%. In 2017, the most power generation was made by natural gas, and the energy consumption in Transport was 51%, Commercial 18%, Industrial 15%, Residential 15%, others. The country is working in renewable energy and the reduction of energy consumption for the goals 2035.
Singapore is outstanding in economy performance. The electrification is 100%. The power generation reached 62% of natural gas in 2017. The Industry takes 34% of total energy consumption. And it is working with energy sustainable goals.
by Nicolas Sourivongxay
https://nicolasourivongxay.wordpress.com
https://nscomexthinktank.wordpress.com/nscomex-climate-change/
Source:
https://www.giz.de/en/worldwide/16395.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN#:~:text=Codification%20of%20the%20relations%20between,Plus%20Six%20(excluding%20India).
http://gizenergy.org.vn/en/project/clean-affordable-and-secure-energy-for-south-east-asia-case#:~:text=The%20Clean%2C%20Affordable%20and%20Secure,comply%20with%20the%20Paris%20Agreement
https://agep.aseanenergy.org/
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