ENERGY EFFICIENCY: ENERGY, SUSTAINABILITY, AND CLIMATE CHANGE

This is the english version of the webinar part of Nicolas Sourivongxay.

LINK of the video live : https://fb.watch/6eg4nn5FkG/ 

TRANSCRIPT

It is based on development goals 7 and 13

THE RESCUE OF DOCTOR ARAÑUS

It is a book with fantastic and wonderful elements in the regional legend style because the story is located in the Argentine province of San Luis, it evokes the concept of caring for the environment, biodiversity, the preservation of natural resources and the responsibility of their use.

Through characters that develop their full potential along the way to save the world from climate change caused by a sinister character that lives in a dimension parallel to human beings, such as the Witch SISMA, while rescuing the Doctor Arañus who is hostage to that witch.  

There are a multitude of characters, animals that come to life, and superheroes which will try to save both worlds, the fantasy world and the human world on planet earth.

Natural disasters are very difficult to deal with, according to their intensity, and in addition, humans do not manage to mitigate them in time despite the forecasts and warnings, and this causes economic damage, deaths, and significant losses, As for example, in the ASIA Pacific, in 2016, it put floods at the top as the main cause, followed by storms, earthquakes, landslides, extreme temperatures, all of this, affecting 59.2 million people with an economic loss of 45.1 billion.

Hurricane natural disasters in the southeastern United States, Haiti. Earthquakes in Mexico, in the Philippines. Temperatures elevated above the average in Europe. Here in Argentina, the floods in the provinces of Santa Fe, Entre Ríos, Corrientes.

When we talk about Climate Change at a global level, we must talk about countries that stand out in the world ranking of greenhouse gas emissions. Currently emerging economies such as China (3.4%) and India (1.6%) increased their emissions.

The Global Share World Ranking places China first with 30.3%, United States 13.4%, EU27 + UK 8.7%, India 6.8%, Russia 4.5%, and Japan 3%. In Latin America Mexico leads 1.3%, and Brazil with 1.3% as well.

In the case of Argentina, the energy matrix shows that thermal energy predominates, (it should be noted that it is exported to Brazil) followed by hydropower, however in this last period, hydropower has been falling annually around 8%, while that renewable energies have been growing thanks to investment in wind energy, and secondly in solar energy.

It should be noted that even so, in Argentina, the energy matrix exposes Natural Gas first with around 50% whose fluid is composed of methane and other hydrocarbons. Then Oil more than 30%, Renewables with around 10%, Nuclear 3%, Coal containing hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen 2%.

This is the ranking with the greatest impact when it comes to CO2 targets. Energy efficiency, which is broad, has to do with management, the involvement of many sectors, such as transport, building, factories and companies, interest groups, stakeholders, government. 

Investment in renewable energy projects taking into account financial sustainability for the development of activities, reducing the barriers that impede or hinder the progress of the generation of new energy alternatives. We speak of this type of energy that is regenerated naturally or artificially such as wind energy, solar energy, tidal energy, biomass energy (Vegetation and others), hydraulic energy. However, many governments invest more in non-renewable energy, that is, coal, oil, and natural gas, causing great damage to the environment, and the effects we suffer as a result of climate change. In 2020, government budgets were destined to alleviate the socio-economic problems that Covid-19 produced, that is, Health, Education, Social Security. Natural gas reservoirs can contain up to 100% CO2. 

Regarding CO2, the global goal between 2015 and 2050 is to capture 120 gigatons to be able to adapt to the next scenarios. 80% CO2 represents ¾ of all greenhouse gases. 

The transformation of fuel, for example, biomass, In Brazil it is number 1 in the region in the use of biomass fuel in automobiles.

Worldwide, the same energy industry and other industries are the ones that produce the most CO2, and in second place is transport.

The United Kingdom should also be named because historically, the industrial revolution of the 18th century increased CO2 emissions by 47%, but the British country has worked hard to achieve the objectives of the Paris Agreement with a goal of reducing the emission of CO2. gases by 75% by 2035 incorporating air and maritime transport in the plan. In 2019 the CO2 emission in this last sector increased to 3.6% and 2.4% respectively compared to 2018, the Global share places them 1.7% and 1.9% respectively.

But what happens in Latin America in terms of transport?

In the planning, operation, and management of airports, environmental externalities must be considered, that is, air pollution, climatic effects, noise, energy production, and habitat damage. 

In 2018, the ACI (Airport Council International), developed the Airport Carbon Accreditation Program to reduce and mitigate the effects of climate change referred to 3 areas, emissions from sources controlled by the airport, emissions resulting from the purchase of energy electricity, and emissions from other sources related to the airport. (Read the box)

There are several airports in the world highlighted for this cause, among them, it is the Singapore Airport on the Asian continent that we see in this slide representing a bioclimatic architecture, there are also others such as the one on the Galapagos Islands that attracts the attention of the airport , the exterior part for its sustainability. 

As for maritime transport, according to the European Union, it emits around 940 million tons of CO2 annually and it is this sector that is responsible for around 2.5% per year of greenhouse gas emissions. There are several mechanisms for efficiently reducing costs, such as slowing down steam turbines, counter-rotating propellers and efficient propulsion of machines and appliances, and routing climate control.

CO2 is not so bad, it is necessary for life. Plants need CO2 for photosynthesis, which then releases O2. It is also necessary because otherwise, without CO2 the planet would be completely cold and frozen. The problem lies in the excess of CO2 and other gases. 

Where is CO2 found?

Fossil fuels represent 9.00 gigatons

Carbon sinks are natural or artificial deposits that absorb carbon from the atmosphere. The biological processes of production of coal, oil, natural gas, methane did it, but also nature was transformed, and some plants (forests in formation) also did. What is sought here is to find the best form of CO2 retention. This represents 3.00GT

Atmosphere Growth 4.40GT

The carbon sink in the oceans is 2.60 GT. Be careful with acidification.

Land use change which is 1.00GT which are the economic activities of exploitation of the land by humans.  

by Nicolas Sourivongxay

Spanish Version: https://nscomexclimatechange.blogspot.com/2021/05/webinar-eficiencia-energetica.html