Energy Key for Central & Latin America

 

Renewable Energy in Argentina

 

Observation: The percentage of the Argentine Energy Martrix that gives 101% instead of 100% was extracted from the company YPF (Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales) owned by Argentine state and OFEPHI provinces (51.0%), Floating 49%

Link: https://www.ypf.com/desafiovacamuerta/Paginas/index.html

Even thou, Nicolas Sourivongxay asked the company for a response on Twitter:

Website: https://nicolasourivongxay.wordpress.com/cv-energy/

Some Hydrogen Combinations

 Watch the lesson on Youtube here:

Transcrypt

We get hydrogen from fossil energy such as natural gas and oil or biomass related to wood. Hydrogen is the lightest chemical element that exists and we normally find this element as gas. 

Approximately, it constitutes 75% of the matter of the universe that combined with other elements is an energetic vector

It is the most abundant element on earth. 

Last information I know is that in California, The USA, there are more than 30 public retail hydrogen fueling station with plans to reach 100. 

The USA produces around 10 millions metric tones of hydrogen each year, mainly for petroleum refining and ammonia production, and for other sectors.

But the problem is the cost, so it is very challenge for countries to develop the right technology to produce at $2/Kg by 2025 and $1/Kg by 2030.. Currently it cost $5/Kg.

The combustion of Hydrogen produces Nitrous Oxide emissions and it is very well known as “The Laughing Gas”. Currently very popular in the UK that is illegal for recreational purposes. Also it is used for dental processes. 

It is a clinical safe anesthetic with ani anxiety effect that in excess we find bad effect for health. 

The Hydrogen Sulfide is a colorless gas, flammable and toxic. It is used for oil and gas refining, mining, pulp and paper processing, for example. 

According to the Bureau of Labour Statistics, Hydrogen Sulfide is one the the leading causes of workplace gas inhalation deaths in the USA.

The Hydrogen Peroxide is used for sanitizing beauty and manicure, desinfect, for example.

Ingesting high concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide can cause a perforated gut, stomach burns, fainting, and including death.

And if you combine this with vinegar, it creates peracetic acid, a corrosive acid that can harm the skin. 

Hydrogen plus Oxygen form Water

The country Chile, in south america got Hydrogen generated from electricity from renewable energies through a process called "water electrolysis" (separation of oxygen and hydrogen). Produced from hydrocarbons such as natural gas, methane or other polluting gases.

If you combine 2 hydrogen molecules and 2 oxygen molecules you can create explosions by joining Hydrochloric acid +Aluminium or Hydrochloric acid+Zinc in a bottle and then by adding a balloon to contain the air emission, and after that when the balloon is already inflated you prick the balloon to get an explosion.

The first hydrogen bomb to explode was one of the United States, on October 31, 1952 on the Enewetak Atoll (Marshall Islands), it had a power of 10.4mt. The powerful waves circled the earth three times.

And here are my atomic books. I created islands, countries, planets and after that, they were destroyed by natural disasters or atomic bombs.  All of them are available on Amazon book store.

By Nicolas Sourivongxay for Born To Shine Foundation: https://borntoshinefoundation.wordpress.com/

Blog: https://nscomexclimatechange.blogspot.com/

Thinking of Energy's planet

In effect, humans are being concentrated in what they take control that means other humans activities, but less can focus on the behavior of the nature. The world is movement, the gases in the air are not static, it moves, it changes. The approach toward that trigger climate effects has to be focused on deleting the superfluous lines in order to thrive.

Fostering good activities for awareness concerning climate change, I wrote a fictional book related to natural disasters between worlds, a world of fantasy affecting the real world of humans. In one hand, humans working and creating policies, and by the other hand, heroes and creatures in the fantasy world fighting against someone or something that is out of the hands of human’s control. 

I also promote my album of music that contains my main original song Let It Shine On Me, and also my original song I created for the Olympic Games Born to Shine.

By Nicolas Sourivongxay

https://nscomex.wordpress.com/

ENERGY EFFICIENCY: ENERGY, SUSTAINABILITY, AND CLIMATE CHANGE

This is the english version of the webinar part of Nicolas Sourivongxay.

LINK of the video live : https://fb.watch/6eg4nn5FkG/ 

TRANSCRIPT

It is based on development goals 7 and 13

THE RESCUE OF DOCTOR ARAÑUS

It is a book with fantastic and wonderful elements in the regional legend style because the story is located in the Argentine province of San Luis, it evokes the concept of caring for the environment, biodiversity, the preservation of natural resources and the responsibility of their use.

Through characters that develop their full potential along the way to save the world from climate change caused by a sinister character that lives in a dimension parallel to human beings, such as the Witch SISMA, while rescuing the Doctor Arañus who is hostage to that witch.  

There are a multitude of characters, animals that come to life, and superheroes which will try to save both worlds, the fantasy world and the human world on planet earth.

Natural disasters are very difficult to deal with, according to their intensity, and in addition, humans do not manage to mitigate them in time despite the forecasts and warnings, and this causes economic damage, deaths, and significant losses, As for example, in the ASIA Pacific, in 2016, it put floods at the top as the main cause, followed by storms, earthquakes, landslides, extreme temperatures, all of this, affecting 59.2 million people with an economic loss of 45.1 billion.

Hurricane natural disasters in the southeastern United States, Haiti. Earthquakes in Mexico, in the Philippines. Temperatures elevated above the average in Europe. Here in Argentina, the floods in the provinces of Santa Fe, Entre Ríos, Corrientes.

When we talk about Climate Change at a global level, we must talk about countries that stand out in the world ranking of greenhouse gas emissions. Currently emerging economies such as China (3.4%) and India (1.6%) increased their emissions.

The Global Share World Ranking places China first with 30.3%, United States 13.4%, EU27 + UK 8.7%, India 6.8%, Russia 4.5%, and Japan 3%. In Latin America Mexico leads 1.3%, and Brazil with 1.3% as well.

In the case of Argentina, the energy matrix shows that thermal energy predominates, (it should be noted that it is exported to Brazil) followed by hydropower, however in this last period, hydropower has been falling annually around 8%, while that renewable energies have been growing thanks to investment in wind energy, and secondly in solar energy.

It should be noted that even so, in Argentina, the energy matrix exposes Natural Gas first with around 50% whose fluid is composed of methane and other hydrocarbons. Then Oil more than 30%, Renewables with around 10%, Nuclear 3%, Coal containing hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen 2%.

This is the ranking with the greatest impact when it comes to CO2 targets. Energy efficiency, which is broad, has to do with management, the involvement of many sectors, such as transport, building, factories and companies, interest groups, stakeholders, government. 

Investment in renewable energy projects taking into account financial sustainability for the development of activities, reducing the barriers that impede or hinder the progress of the generation of new energy alternatives. We speak of this type of energy that is regenerated naturally or artificially such as wind energy, solar energy, tidal energy, biomass energy (Vegetation and others), hydraulic energy. However, many governments invest more in non-renewable energy, that is, coal, oil, and natural gas, causing great damage to the environment, and the effects we suffer as a result of climate change. In 2020, government budgets were destined to alleviate the socio-economic problems that Covid-19 produced, that is, Health, Education, Social Security. Natural gas reservoirs can contain up to 100% CO2. 

Regarding CO2, the global goal between 2015 and 2050 is to capture 120 gigatons to be able to adapt to the next scenarios. 80% CO2 represents ¾ of all greenhouse gases. 

The transformation of fuel, for example, biomass, In Brazil it is number 1 in the region in the use of biomass fuel in automobiles.

Worldwide, the same energy industry and other industries are the ones that produce the most CO2, and in second place is transport.

The United Kingdom should also be named because historically, the industrial revolution of the 18th century increased CO2 emissions by 47%, but the British country has worked hard to achieve the objectives of the Paris Agreement with a goal of reducing the emission of CO2. gases by 75% by 2035 incorporating air and maritime transport in the plan. In 2019 the CO2 emission in this last sector increased to 3.6% and 2.4% respectively compared to 2018, the Global share places them 1.7% and 1.9% respectively.

But what happens in Latin America in terms of transport?

In the planning, operation, and management of airports, environmental externalities must be considered, that is, air pollution, climatic effects, noise, energy production, and habitat damage. 

In 2018, the ACI (Airport Council International), developed the Airport Carbon Accreditation Program to reduce and mitigate the effects of climate change referred to 3 areas, emissions from sources controlled by the airport, emissions resulting from the purchase of energy electricity, and emissions from other sources related to the airport. (Read the box)

There are several airports in the world highlighted for this cause, among them, it is the Singapore Airport on the Asian continent that we see in this slide representing a bioclimatic architecture, there are also others such as the one on the Galapagos Islands that attracts the attention of the airport , the exterior part for its sustainability. 

As for maritime transport, according to the European Union, it emits around 940 million tons of CO2 annually and it is this sector that is responsible for around 2.5% per year of greenhouse gas emissions. There are several mechanisms for efficiently reducing costs, such as slowing down steam turbines, counter-rotating propellers and efficient propulsion of machines and appliances, and routing climate control.

CO2 is not so bad, it is necessary for life. Plants need CO2 for photosynthesis, which then releases O2. It is also necessary because otherwise, without CO2 the planet would be completely cold and frozen. The problem lies in the excess of CO2 and other gases. 

Where is CO2 found?

Fossil fuels represent 9.00 gigatons

Carbon sinks are natural or artificial deposits that absorb carbon from the atmosphere. The biological processes of production of coal, oil, natural gas, methane did it, but also nature was transformed, and some plants (forests in formation) also did. What is sought here is to find the best form of CO2 retention. This represents 3.00GT

Atmosphere Growth 4.40GT

The carbon sink in the oceans is 2.60 GT. Be careful with acidification.

Land use change which is 1.00GT which are the economic activities of exploitation of the land by humans.  

by Nicolas Sourivongxay

Spanish Version: https://nscomexclimatechange.blogspot.com/2021/05/webinar-eficiencia-energetica.html

• WEBINAR EFICIENCIA ENERGÉTICA•

EVENT in Spanish Language.

 📢Webinar de Eficiencia Energética, organizado por el Grupo Gestion y Energía Joven

👉🏽Nicolas Sourivongxay "Cambio Climático, Energía, Desarrollo sustentable"

👉🏽Guillermo Jacobo "Energía y Tecnología de la Construcción"

👉🏽 Alejandro Contreras "Gestión Sostenible de Energía en la industria"

Organizado por Espacio de Gestión y Energía Joven

🗓️ Fecha: Jueves 20 de Mayo 2021

📌 Modalidad: Virtual/online

⏰ Hora: 18:00 hs (UTC - 03:00)

Link: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/gesti%C3%B3n-y-energ%C3%ADa-joven1_renovables-transiciaejnenergaeztica-eficienciaenergaeztica-activity-6801250853924741120-ehuk

DOWNLOAD MATERIAL:

https://www.academia.edu/49003866/CAMBIO_CLIM%C3%81TICO_ENERGIA_DESARROLLO_SUSTENTABLE

TRANSCRIPT/TRANSCRIPCIÓN DE Nicolás Sourivongxay

Basado en los objetivos de desarrollo 7 y 13

EL RESCATE DEL DOCTOR ARAÑUS

Es un libro con elementos fantásticos y maravillosos al estilo leyenda regional porque la historia se ubica en la provincia argentina de San Luis, evoca la concepción del cuidado del medio ambiente, la biodiversidad, la preservación de los recursos naturales y  su uso responsable.

Mediante personajes que van desarrollando todo su potencial a lo largo del camino para salvar al mundo  del cambio climático provocado por un ser siniestro que vive en un dimensión paralela a la de los seres humanos, como es el de la Bruja SISMA, mientras rescatan al Doctor Arañus quien es rehén de esa bruja.  

Hay multiplicidad de personajes, animales que cobran vida, y estos superhéroes tratarán de salvar a ambos mundos, el de fantasía y el de los humanos en el planeta tierra.

De los desastres naturales es muy difícil de lidiar, de acuerdo a la intensidad de ellos, y además, los seres humanos no alcanzan a mitigarlos a tiempo a pesar de los pronósticos y advertencias, y esto causa daños económicos, muertes, y pérdidas significativas, como por ejemplo, en ASIA Pacifico, al 2016, puso al tope a las inundaciones como principal causa, seguido por las tormentas, terremotos, derrumbes, extremas temperaturas, todo esto, afectando a 59.2 millones de personas con pérdida económica de 45.1 billones.

Desastres naturales por huracanes en el sureste de Estados Unidos, Haití. Terremotos en México, en Filipinas. Temperaturas elevadas por encima del promedio en Europa. Acá en Argentina, las inundaciones en las provincias de Santa Fe, Entre Ríos, Corrientes.

Cuando hablamos de Cambio Climático a nivel mundial debemos hablar de países que sobresalen en el ranking mundial de emisión de gases del efecto invernadero. Actualmente economías emergentes como China (3,4%)  e India (1,6%) incrementaron sus emisiones.

El Ranking Mundial Global Share posiciona a China primera con 30,3%, Estados Unidos 13,4%, EU27+UK 8,7%, India 6,8%, Rusia 4,5%, Japón 3%. En Latino América lideran México 1.3%, y Brasil con un 1.3% también.

En el caso de Argentina, la matriz energética muestra que predomina la energía térmica que cabe destacar que se exporta a Brasil, seguido por la hidráulica, sin embargo en este último periodo, la energía hidráulica ha ido en caída anualmente alrededor del 8%, mientras que las energías renovables han ido en crecimiento gracias a la inversión en energía eólica, y segundo en energía solar.

Cabe destacar que  aun así, en Argentina, la matriz energética expone al Gas natural primero con alrededor del 50% cuyo fluido está compuesto por metano y otros hidrocarburos. Luego el Petróleo más del 30%, los Renovables con alrededor del 10%, Nuclear 3%, Carbón que contiene hidrógeno, nitrógeno, azufre, y oxígeno 2%.

Este es el ranking de mayor impacto cuando nos referimos a los objetivos sobre el CO2.  La eficiencia energética que es amplia, tiene que ver con la gestión, el involucramiento de muchos sectores, como transporte, edilicio, fábricas y empresas, grupos de interés, stakeholders, gobierno. 

La inversión en los proyectos en Energía renovable teniendo en cuenta la sustentabilidad financiera para el desarrollo de las actividades reduciendo las barreras que impiden o traban el progreso de la generación de nuevas alternativas de energía. Hablamos de este tipo de energías que se regeneran en forma natural o artificial tales como la energía eólica, la energía solar, la energía mareomotriz, energía de biomasa (Vegetación y otros), energía hidráulica. Sin embargo, muchos gobierno invierten más en energías no renovables, es decir, carbón, petróleo, y gas natural, produciendo un gran daño al medio ambiente, y los efectos que sufrimos como consecuencia del cambio climático. En el 2020 los presupuestos de los gobiernos fueron destinados para paliar los problemas socio-económicos que produjo el Covid-19 en principio, esto es, Salud, Educación, Seguridad Social.  Los reservorios de gas natural pueden contener hasta 100% de CO2. 

En cuanto al CO2, la meta global entre 2015 y 2050 es la de capturar 120 giga tones para lograr adecuarse a los próximos escenarios.  El 80% CO2 representa ¾ del total de los gases de efecto invernadero. 

La energía nuclear…

La transformación del combustible, por ejemplo, biomasa, En Brasil es el número 1 en la región en el uso de combustible biomasa  en los automóviles.

A nivel mundial la misma industria energética y otras industrias son las que más producen CO2, y en el segundo puesto el transporte.

También se debe nombrar al Reino Unido porque históricamente, la revolución industrial del Siglo XVIII, incrementó en un 47% la emisión de CO2, pero el país británico ha trabajado mucho en alcanzar los objetivos del Acuerdo de París con una meta de reducir la emisión de gases en un 75% al 2035 incorporando el transporte aéreo y marítimo en el plan. En el 2019 la emisión de CO2 en este último sector se incrementó al 3,6% y 2,4% respectivamente comparado con el 2018, el Global shared los ubica 1,7% y 1,9% respectivamente.

Pero que sucede en América Latina en cuanto al transporte?

En la planificación, operación, gestión de aeropuertos se deben considerar las externalidades de carácter ambiental, es decir, la contaminación del aire, efectos climáticos, ruido, producción de energía, y daño del hábitat. 

En el 2018, la ACI (Airport Council International), desarrolló el Programa de Acreditación en Carbono de Aeropuertos para reducir y mitigar los efectos del cambio climático referido a 3 ámbitos, emisiones de fuentes controladas por el aeropuerto, emisión producto de la compra de energía eléctrica, y emisiones de otras fuentes relacionadas con el aeropuerto. (Leer el cuadro)

Hay varios aeropuertos en el mundo destacados por esta causa, entre ellos, es el Aeropuerto de Singapur en el continente asiático que vemos en este slide/diapositiva representando una arquitectura bioclimática, también hay otros como el de las Islas Galápagos que llama la atención el aeropuerto, la parte exterior por su sustentabilidad. 

En cuanto al transporte marítimo, según la Unión Europea, este emite alrededor de 940 millones de toneladas de CO2 anualmente y es este sector es responsable de cerca del 2,5% anual de la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero.  Hay varios mecanismos para reducir los costos eficientemente, como la desaceleración de las turbinas a vapor, contra rotación de las hélices y la propulsión eficiente de las máquinas y artefactos,  y el control de ruteo del clima.

El CO2 no es tan malo, es necesario para la vida. Las plantas necesitan CO2 para la fotosíntesis, la cual luego libera O2.  También es necesario porque de otro modo, sin CO2 el planeta estaría completamente frío y helado. El problema radica en el exceso de CO2 y otros gases. 

¿Dónde se encuentra el CO2?

Los combustibles fósiles representan 9.00 gigatones

Sumideros de carbono que son depósitos naturales o artificiales que absorben el carbono de la atmósfera, lo hacían los procesos biológicos de producción de carbón, petróleo, gas natural, metano pero además  la naturaleza se fue transformando, y algunos vegetales (bosques en formación) también lo hacen. Lo que se busca aquí es buscar la mejor forma de retención de CO2. Esto representa 3.00GT

Crecimiento de la Atmósfera 4.40GT

El sumidero de carbono en los océanos es de 2.60 GT. Hay que tener cuidado con la acidificación.

Land use change que es 1.00GT que son las actividades económicas de explotación de la tierra por parte de los humanos.  

Leer Resumen

The Future Scenarios of the United Kingdom: the ambitious energy goal

The future scenarios of Great Britain in terms of climate change issues concern a number of regulated activities in the energy system operability requiring network investments including price control by involving the private sector and energy industry through policies and regulations referenced by a wide range of participants and stakeholders. 

In world history, the maior incrementation of CO2 is related to the Industrial Revolution initiated by the mid-18th century during the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and in the United States of America. Since that period of time, the CO2 has increased to 47%. 

The United Kingdom has been working on reducing its emissions by at least 80% by 2050 that includes five-early carbon budgets, but recently information released by the UK accelerate the process to reduce emission by 78% in 2035 compared to 1990 when in this year 2021, the country decided to incorporate the UK’s share of international aviation and shipping emissions for the first time,. This new goal would bring the UK more than three-quarters of the way to net zero 2050.  The new target includes to reduce emission in 2030 by at least 68% compared to 1990 levels. Meanwhile, the progress of the carbon emission down, marked 44% between 1990 and 2019 while breaking records in renewable electricity generation. 

By investing in clean technologies (wind, carbon capture, hydrogen, and many others), the british people are pretending to lead the world into a new Green Industrial Revolution. This industry already supports over 460.000 jobs and it will be increasing in the next few years. 

Real Power Mix GB 

Wind 35.5%

Solar 17.8%

Gas 16.8%

Nuclear 13.8%

Imports 12%

Biomass 3.7%

Hydro 0.9%

Coal 0.8% 

Other 0%

Total CO2 emissions (Millions Tones)

2,410, 835.598

Global Warming since 1880 (around)

+1.225795158 Degree Celsius

by Nicolas Sourivongxay

https://nicolasourivongxay.wordpress.com/

https://nscomexthinktank.wordpress.com/nscomex-climate-change/

Source:

Environmental Change Institute. University of Oxford

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-enshrines-new-target-in-law-to-slash-emissions-by-78-by-2035

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-ten-point-plan-for-a-green-industrial-revolution/title#fn:1 

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-enshrines-new-target-in-law-to-slash-emissions-by-78-by-2035

National Grid ESO

Sky News: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLRTGzMr0XQ

https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/international/negotiations/paris_en

https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/blog/date/2021/html/ecb.blog210213~7e26af8606.en.html